Old maps of the Kostroma province 17-18 centuries. Provincial Kostroma

Villages of Kostroma province by volost

History of the region

1797 Kostroma governorate was transformed into a province with its center in the city of Kostroma.

1929 Kostroma province was abolished.

1929 The Kostroma district was formed, the center of which was the city of Kostroma.

1930 The Kostroma Okrug was abolished and its districts became directly subordinate to the Ivanovo Industrial Region.

* This date was proposed by historian V.N. Tatishchev.

** The governorship was divided into two regions: Kostroma (11 districts) with the center in Kostroma and Unzhenskaya (4 districts) with the center in Unzha.

Provincial coat of arms

Geography

In 1897, the area of ​​the province was 83,996 sq. km. These places belong to the plains; hills are found in the northwestern part of the region or run in narrow ridges along the right banks of the Volga, Unzha and Vetluga rivers. People call these hills mountains because they do not know real mountains. Geological research in the province was carried out by Murchison, Meindorff, Eichwald, S.N. Nikitin, K. Milashevich and others.

There are two large lakes in the province: Galichskoye and Chukhlomskoye (the first is 67.9 sq. versts, the second is 42.7 sq. versts), both are rich in fish. There are several hundred lakes in the northern and eastern parts of the province. There are many swamps in Vetluzhsky, Varnavinsky, Kologrivsky and Makaryevsky counties. The largest swamps are: Timoshenskoye, Yugovskoye, Kholodilkovskoye and Isupovskoye.

All rivers of the province belong to the Volga basin; their number reaches approximately 300 and gives every reason to call the region abundant in waters.

The forest area is 3,100,000 dessiatines*, slightly less than half of the entire area of ​​the province; cleared areas, burnt areas and areas overgrown with bushes - almost half of the forest area. There were 1,395,000 dessiatinas of state forests. in 1892. Convenient forest area is 1329 thousand dessiatines, established forests are 990389 dessiatines. In 1891, 207,519 rubles were received for sold state-owned timber, and 200,130 rubles were spent. Good timber remains only in the districts of Makaryevsky, Vetluzhsky, Kologrivsky and Varnavinsky; in the factory districts the forest was destroyed. The dominant species are spruce, birch, pine, fir, aspen, oak and alder. Among the animals in the province there are wolf, elk, deer, mink, lynx, otter, ferret, ermine, muskrat, badger and chipmunk; Birds include hazel grouse, black grouse, sandpiper, partridge, snipe, turakhtan and woodcock. Hunting exists as a commercial activity in Vetluzhsky, Varnavinsky and Kologrivsky districts.

* List of populated places in the Kostroma province. According to information from 1877.

Economic development

In the middle of the 19th century. Domestic peasant production, handicrafts and latrine trades are developing in the province. In terms of the number of artisans, the Kostroma province was second only to the Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Vyatka and Ryazan provinces.

According to the 1897 census, it can be judged that a significant part (79.5%) of the province’s population was engaged in agriculture. Many historical estates of Moscow kings and boyars, in Kostroma areas, are privately owned lands. Large land holdings are no longer associated with field farming, but with forestry.

It developed at a confident pace in the Kostroma province woodworking. Mechanical processing of wood in the province was carried out by reel-turning factories - in Kostroma and Sudislavl, serving textile factories. The Lineva steam sawmill was built in Kostroma in 1859.

After the abolition of serfdom in 1861, the Kostroma province began to develop at a rapid pace. textile industry. By the beginning of the 20th century. The flax industry of the Kostroma province is moving to one of the leading places among the provinces of the European part of Russia. Mechanization and the growth of factory industry were accompanied by the concentration of production. In 1858, the number of factories and factories in the Kostroma province grew to half a thousand, and the amount of products from enterprises in 1908 exceeded 100 million rubles. from 1901 to 1912, the number of workers* in the province increased by 58%, and the amount of production - by 113%. In 1912, a quarter of the fabrics** and yarn of the total volume of linen factories in Russia were produced in the Kostroma province.

The development of waterways in the province significantly contributes to the growth of industry. In the 1850s The largest joint-stock shipping companies of the Volga River and its shipping tributaries arose. The development of the sawmill industry in the northern counties was accelerated after the construction of the Vologda-Vyatka Railway in 1906, which made it possible to put into operation the enormous forest wealth of the north of the province, remote from the rafting rivers.

Russian cooperation was born in the Kostroma province. The first cooperative in Russia - the Rozhdestvenskoye Savings and Loan Partnership - arose in 1865 in the village of Rozhdestvenskoye, Vetluzhsky district. Similar credit partnerships were later organized in other counties. Over the course of several For decades, credit associations represented the only type of cooperation in the province. The oldest of the Kostroma dairy cooperatives, Sametskaya, was organized in 1906. In 1909, in the village. Shunga, the first cooperative potato plant in Russia was opened.

* According to the industrial census of 1918, in 1913 in Kostroma there were an average of 378 workers per enterprise.

** The province supplied mainly thin and medium-thick fabrics.

Administrative-territorial unit of the Russian Empire and the RSFSR, which existed in 1796-1929. Provincial city - Kostroma.

The Kostroma province was located in the center of the European part of the Russian Empire. It bordered in the west with, in the south with and, in the east with, and in the north and north-west with provinces.

History of the formation of the Kostroma province

On May 29, 1719, the Kostroma province was created in the Moscow province and the Galician province in the Arkhangelsk province. Subsequently, in 1778, the Kostroma Governorate was created from these two provinces.

The Kostroma governorship was divided into two regions: Kostroma with its center in Kostroma and Unzhenskaya with its center in Unzha. The governorship included 15 counties: Buysky, Varnavinsky, Vetluzhsky, Galitsky, Kadysky, Kineshma, Kologrivsky, Kostroma, Lukhovsky, Makaryevsky, Nerekhtsky, Plyosovsky, Soligalichsky, Chukhlomsky and Yuryevetsky.

On December 12, 1796, the governorship was transformed into the Kostroma province, the cities of Bui, Kady, Lukh and Plyos were left to the state.

In 1802, Buisky district was restored.

After the October Revolution of 1917, the Kostroma province became part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) formed in 1918.

In 1922, Varnavinsky and Vetluzhsky districts were transferred to the Nizhny Novgorod province.

By a resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of January 14, 1929, the provinces were completely liquidated. The territory of the Kostroma province became part of the Kostroma district of the Ivanovo Industrial Region.

In the period from 1802 to 1918, the province included 12 counties:

In 1918, Koverninsky district was formed, and Kineshma, Yuryevetsky and part of Nerekhta district were transferred to the Ivanovo-Voznesensk province.

In 1922, Makaryevsky district became part of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk province, and Varnavinsky and Vetluzhsky - into Nizhny Novgorod. Koverninsky district was abolished.

Thus, in 1926 the province included 7 counties:

• Buysky
• Galichsky
• Kologrivsky
• Kostroma
• Nerekhtsky
• Soligalichsky
• Chukhlomsky

Additional materials on Kostroma province

• Plans for general land surveying of the Kostroma province
  

  Buysky district	1 mile	-
  Varnavinsky district	1 mile	-
  Vetluzhsky district	1 mile	-
  Galich district	2 versts	-
  Kostroma district	1 mile	-
  Lukhsky district	1 mile	-

The Kostroma province was formed in 1796 from lands that were previously part of the Kostroma governorate. In turn, the Kostroma governorate was formed in 1778 on the lands of the Kostroma and Galician provinces (until 1775, respectively, in the jurisdiction of the Moscow and Arkhangelsk provinces), and this governorship was divided into two parts - Kostroma with a center in Kostroma and Unzhensk with a center in Unzhe. During the first few years of the existence of the Kostroma province, the borders and composition of its districts changed. The final borders of the province were established during the reign of Alexander the First and did not change throughout the subsequent pre-revolutionary period.

In Kostroma province in whole or in part
There are the following maps and sources:
(except for those indicated on the main page of the general
all-Russian atlases, where this province may also be)

Land survey plans for the Kostroma province
Land survey map - non-topographic (without indicating latitudes and longitudes), hand-drawn map of the late 18th century (after the redistribution of borders in 1775-78) on a scale of 1 inch = 2 versts 1cm=840m or 1 inch = 1 verst 1 cm = 420 m. As a rule, the county was drawn on the parts that are shown on the assembly sheet. Some of the maps date back to the period of Catherine II 1775-96, Paul I, having come to power, changed the boundaries of counties within the provinces (which, in turn, Alexander I returned to its original place, but with some changes), while some of the maps from the General Land Survey fund survived only during this period.
The maps are color, very detailed, broken down by county.

Lists of populated places in the Kostroma province in 1877 (according to information from 1870-72) and 1908 (according to information from 1907).
This is a one-stop reference guide that contains the following information:
- status of a settlement (village, hamlet, hamlet - proprietary or state-owned, i.e. state);
- location of the settlement (in relation to the nearest highway, camp, well, pond, stream, river or river);
- the number of households in the locality and its population (male and female);
- distance from the district town and camp apartment (camp center) in versts;
- presence of a church, chapel, mill, etc.